RAJAB AND SHAB E MAERAJ

For understanding importance SHAB E MAIRAJ and to avoid all bida'ats of Rajab pl read this article written by well known scolar Dr FARHAT HASHMI


                                                           RAJAB AND SHABE MAERAJ

FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION CAN NOT BE ABSOLUTE

                                       DEBATE IN FAVOR OF TOPIC

 

Mr president, honorable judges and dear audience,

all of you must have heard a famous saying by Oliver Wendell Holmes "The right to swing my fist ends where the other man's nose begins.
that means each and every person should have some limitations in his actions, in his speech, in his expressions etc etc.this is what we are debating here which is absolutely true that freedom of expression can not be absolute. and i m here to support the resolution.

sir as it is said that man is a social animal who lives with others. so sir you can not live peacefully without taking care of each other. we r not living in remote past where people used to fight with each other for survival without thinking of others . we r living in modern ages where we want to live happily and peacefully with others.this can only be achieved when we take care of others  and sir taking care means we have to think and care for others rights in addition to our own. if i have the right to express my piece of mind i also have to think that it doesn't hurt any body else.otherwise i would be selfish and provocative. so freedom of exp is not absolute right but it has to be balanced with other rights.

 sir ,a person can not order killing others by using his right of freedom of speech, in this case he will be guilty in the court.

The opponents of the resolution have forgotten in their rash thinking that we are not talking about an absolute ban on all kinds of expression  my friends! the resolution today only means that there should be limitations and rules for the sake of others rights. we should express ourselves in a manner that is permissible in our religion, in our society and in today’s world.

no society can live a peaceful life if it doesn't enlist certain rules and disciplines on its members. It is quite right that there should be a perpetual struggle to push the boundaries of what can be said in a civilized society. What and when are the two key variables. As are questions of how children, reputation, national security, social cohesion, truth and privacy be protected. Acts can be “evil” if they are dangerous to a traditional way of life, because they are immoral, or because they hinder the perfectibility of the human race & moral character of citizens.

Advanced societies that used to think giving freedom of expression to their citizens are now moving towards some restraints for example.

it was a popular justification to claim, "I'll say what I like. It's a free country". This has rather fallen out of fashion, to be replaced, in UK, with "I'm entitled to state my opinion", and in US, with "I'm only exercising my (Constitutional) right to free speech". An interesting word, here is 'right'.

Legal restraints operate in conjunction with social norms that change with the times. They cool an absolute freedom, which could otherwise become toxic. Testing the limits while preserving security and respect is a useful enterprise. The decision here seems to depend on the likelihood of personal injury; the more certain injury becomes, the more legitimate the intervention.we should respect all persons and their beliefs without vilification or discrimination. To protect our right to belief without fear,

Finding appropriate boundaries to frame freedom of expression is one of the constant struggles. Judgment is essential. There are issues of security and personal safety, the value of truth and honesty, the need to treat others with respect. It is not true that only sticks and stones can hurt; ignorant, dishonest, malicious, corrupt words can also do enormous damage.

Dear audience,

look at my friends across the floor who are touching insanity in contradicting the resolution. they say that freedom of expression is essential for democracy I want to remind them of hate speeches by politicians maligning each other Most of these are useless offensive, and some causes harm because these are deceitful, and aimed at discrediting specific groups. They also undermine democratic citizenship and the result in chaos that often engulf the whole society. Even if such speech does not cause harm or offense, it has to be limited because it is incompatible with democracy itself. The argument from democracy contends that political speech is essential not only for the legitimacy of the regime, but for providing an environment where people can develop and exercise their goals, talents, and abilities. If hate speech curtails the development of such capacities in certain sections of the community, we have a reason, based on the the justification for prohibition.

Here I also want to mention typical speeches or material about religions where according to george kateb, professor of politics ,a lot of religious speeches and other material is hateful, useless, dishonest, and ferments war, bigotry and fundamentalism. The discomfort that is caused to those who are the object of such attacks cannot easily be shrugged off. It also creates bad self-image and feelings of guilt that can haunt persons throughout their lives. The most recent examples are blasphemic cartoons and the notorious movie that stirred the whole Muslim world. Is this freedom  of expression that my friends want?

Again sir, I would dare to remind you of frequent incidents of misuse of social and print media that results in spoiling innocent lives of young girls and boys.Obscene material is destroying our youths morality and effecting the threads of our family and social  life. Nobody should have the right to publish any defaming material about someone else. Or to create hatred among different social groups through so called freedom of expression. Nobody should have the right to cause a mass panic by crying ''fire'' in a packed rushy street .Govt has to keep an eye on these activities to maintain law and order and to achieve calm and peace in the society.

Now sir, I wish to draw your attention to some more examples to prove my point. Have a look in any military organization that is considered most disciplined and successful institution. The basic reason of its discipline is the limitations that each and every person obeys & doesn’t dare to cross his boundaries of set patterns. Again look at other places like educational institutions both faculty and students have a set pattern of behavior beyond which we cannot go if we want to maintain an educational environment. On campus, there will be different levels of appropriate speech what a professor can say during a lecture. it would be completely inappropriate to discuss your favorite actor or politician when you are supposed to be giving a lecture on vectors and scales or organic chemistry. Almost all places in which we interact are  governed by underlying values and will have to fit in with these principles: “regulation of expressions is a defining feature of everyday. A campus is not simply a workplace where people have contractual obligations, assigned duties, administrative responsibilities of life.

Honorable judges,Islam is the religion of peace. It demands us to respect each other. and sacrifice for others. We are given golden principles on how to interact with others. It teaches us to love everybody and to hate nobody.

Sir  just think for a moment about our own homes. How parents take care of our way of talking, our dress, rather all our activities to help us grow into good citizens. They through check & balance teach us what is good or bad, acceptable or not in our social groups. Then our teachers at schools put their utmost efforts to make us shining stars through incentives and punishments. So my dear friends if you disagree these noble acts of bringing up the human beings then please plan to leave your children in some jungle but hold on even animals in a jungle have some boundaries set by them naturally and they obey the nature. And sir, THAT Nature has taught us too to be careful in all matters of our lives and not to discriminate others by calling them with bad names or making fun of them. These are the basic teachings of humanity. And sir humanity demands us that FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION CAN NOT BE ABSOLUTE. Thank you sir.

HOW TO PREPARE FOR A DEBATE OR SPEECH (part 11)

                                                   HOW TO CLOSE A SPEECH


1.      The close of a speech is really its most strategic element. What is said last is likely to be remembered   longest.

2.       Do not end with "that is about all I have to say on the matter; so I guess I will stop." Stop, but don't talk about stopping.


3.       Plan your ending carefully in advance as Webster, Bright, and Gladstone did. Know almost word o word how you are going to close.Round off your talk. Don't leave it rough and broken like a jagged rock.

4.       Seven suggested ways of closing:
                   Summarizing, restating, outlining briefly the main points you have covered.

                   Appealing for action.

                   Paying the audience a sincere compliment.

                   Raising a laugh.

                   Quoting a fitting verse of poetry.

                   Using an authentic quotation.

                   Building up a climax.

 5.      Get a good ending and a good beginning and get them close together. Always stop before your audience wants to. "The point of satisfaction is reached very soon after the peak of popularity".

NOTE: This the end of series of my posts regarding this topic. To get the maximum benefit please read all of my posts on this topic. Thanks.

      

HOW TO PREPARE FOR A SPEECH OR DEBATE (part 10)

                                           HOW TO MAKE YOUR MEANINGS CLEAR

1.To be clear is highly important and often very difficult.

2.Avoid technical terms when addressing a lay audience. Follow Lincoln's plan of putting your ideas into language plain enough for any body to comprehend.

3.Be sure that the thing you wish tospeak about the first as clear as noonday sunshine in your own mind.
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4.Appeal to the sense of sight. Use exhibits, pictures, illustrations when possible. Be definite.
5.Restate your big ideas; but don't repeat, don't use the same phrases twice.Vary the sentence, but reiterate the idea without letting the hearer detect it.
6.Make yourabstract statement clear by following it with general illustrations and what is often better still by specificinstances and concrete cases.
7.Do not strive to cover too many points. In a short speech, one cannot hope to treat adequately more than one or two phases of a big topic.
8.Close with a brief summary of your points.

HOW TO PREPARE A SPEECH OR DEBATE (part 9 )

                                                   HOW TO INTEREST YOUR AUDIENCE

1.      We are interested in extraordinary facts about ordinary things.

2.      Our chief interest is ourselves.

3.      The person who leads others to talk about themselves and their interests and listens intently will generally be considered a good conversationalist, even though he does very little talking.

4.      Glorified gossip, stories of people, will almost always win and hold attention. The speaker ought to make only a few points and to illustrate them with human interest stories.

5.      Be concrete and definite. Do not belong to the "poor-but honest"school of speakers. Do not merely say that Martin Luther was"stubborn and intractable"as a boy. Announce that fact. Then follow it with the assertion that his teachers flogged him as often as"fifteen times in a forenoon". Thatmakes the general assertion clear, impressive and interesting.

6.      Sprinkle your talks with phrases that create pictures with words that set images floating before your eyes.

7.      If possible use balanced sentences and contracting ideas.

8.      Interest is contagious. The audience is sure to catch it if the speaker himself has a bad case of it. But it cannot be won by the mechanical adherence to mere rules.   

HOW TO PREPARE FOR DEBATE AND SPEECH (part 8)

                                                  HOW TO OPEN A SPEECH
   
1.    The opening of a speech is difficult. It is also highly important, for our hearers are fresh then and   comparatively easy to impress. It is of too much consequence to be left to chance;it ought to be carefully worked out in advance.

2.    The introduction ought to be short, only a sentence or two. Often it can be dispensed with altogether. Wade right into the heart of your subject with the smallest number of words. No one objects to that.

3.    Novices are prone to begin either with attempting to tell a humorous story or by making an apology. Both of these are usually bad. Very very few people can relate a humorous anecdote successfully. The attempt usually embarrasses the audience instead of  entertaining them. The attempt should be relevant, not dragged  in just for the sake of the story.Humour should be the icing on the cake, not the cake itself ... Never apologize. It is usually an insult to your audience; it bores them. Drive right into what you have to say, say it quickly.

4.    A speaker may win the immediate attention of his audience by:

               a:     Arousing curiously.

               b:     Relating  a human interest story.

               c:     Beginning with a specific illustration.

               d:    Using an exhibit.

               e:     Asking a question.

                f:     Opening with a striking quotation.

                g:     Starting with shocking facts.

5.    Don't make your opening too formal. Don't let the bones show. Make it appear free, casual, inevitable. This  can be done by referring to something that has just happened,or something that has just been said.

              
    

HOW TO PREPARE FOR DEBATE AND SPEECH (part 7)

                                            THE SECRET OF GOOD SPEECH DELIVERY

 1.    There is something besides the mere words in a talk  which counts.It is the flavor with which they are    delivered. "It is not so much what you say as how you say it.

 2.    Many speakers ignore their hearers, stare over their heads or at the floor. they seem to be delivering a soliloquy. There isno sense of communication, no give and take between the audience and the speaker. That kind of attitude would kill a conversation; it also kills a speech.

3.    Good delivery is conversational tone and directness enlarged.

4.    Everyone has the ability to deliver a talk. If you question this statement, try it out for your self; knock down the most ignorant man you know; when he gets on his feet. He will probably say something, and his manner of saying them will be almost flawless. You need to take that same naturalness with you when you speak in public. To develop it, you must practice. Don't imitate others. If you speak spontaneously you willspeak differently from anyone else in the world. Put your own individuality, your own characteristic manner in to your delivery.

5.    Talk to your hearers just as if you expected them to stand up in a moment and talk back to you. If they were to rise and ask you questions, your delivery would almost be sure to improve emphatically and at once. So imagine that someone has asked you a question, and that you are repeating it. Say loud, ''You ask how do I know this? I'll tell you". ..... That sort of thing will seem perfectly natural; it will break up the formality of your phraseology; it will warm and humanize your manner of talking.

6.     Put your heart in to your talking. Real emotional sincerity will help more than all the rules.

7.     Here are four things that all of us do unconsciously in earnest conversation, but do you do not do them when you are talking in public? Most people do not.
             a.     Do you stress the important words in a sentence and subordinate the unimportant ones? Do you give almost every word including the, and,, but, approximately the same amount of attention, or do you speak a sentence in much the same way that you say MassaCHUsetts?
             b.     Do you vary your rate of speaking, running rapidly over the unimportant words, spending more time on the ones you wish to make stand out?
             c.     Does the pitch of your voice flow up and down the scale from high to low and back again_ as the pitch of a little child when speaking?

             d.     Do you pause before and after your important ideas?

HOW TO PREPARE FOR DEBATE AND SPEECH (part 6)

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS IN SUCCESSFUL SPEAKING

1.       We never learn anything----be it golf, French, or public speaking--by means of gradual improvement. We advance by sudden jerks and abrupt starts. Then we may remain stationary for weeks, or even lose some of the proficiency we have gained. Psychologists call these periods of stagnation" plateaus in the curve of learning". We may strive hard for a long time and not be able to get off one of these "plateaus" and not realizing on these plateaus and abandon all effort. that is extremely regrettable, for if they were to persist, if they were to keep on persisting they would suddenly find that they had lifted like an aeroplane and made tremendous progress again overnight.
2.      You may never be able to speak without some nervous anxiety just before you begin. But if you will preserve, you will soon eradicate everything but this initial fear; and, after you have spoken for a few seconds, that too will disappear.
3.     Professor James has pointed out that one need have no anxiety about the upshot of his education, that if he keeps faithfully busy, “he can, with perfect certainty, count on waking up some fine morning to find himself one of the competent ones of his generation, in whatever pursuit he may have singled out.” This psychological truth that the famous sage of Harvard has enunciated, applies to you and your efforts in learning to speak.there can be no question about that. The men who have succeeded in this have not been, as a general rule, men of extraordinary ability. But they were endowed with persistence and dogged determination. They kept on. They arrived.
4.     Think success in your public speaking work. You will than do things necessary to bring success about.
5.     If you get discouraged, try Teddy Roosevelt’s plane of looking at Lincoln’s picture and asking yourself what he would have done under similar circumstances.
6.     Qualities essential for the success can be enumerated with four words commencing with G they are “Grace, Gumption, Grit and Guts.”

HOW TO PREPARE FOR DEBATE AND SPEECH (part 4)

                       HOW FAMOUS SPEAKERS PREPARED THEIR ADDRESSES

               1. “The art of war” said Napoleon, “is a science in which nothing succeeds which has not been calculated and thought out”. That is as true of speaking as of shooting. A talk is a voyage. It must be charted. The speaker who starts with nowhere, usually gets there.

                          2.  No infallible, ironclad rules can be given for the arrangement of ideas and the construction of all talks. Each address has its own particular problems.

                   3.    The speaker should cover a point thoroughly while he is on it and then not refer it again. There should be no darting from one thing to another and then back again as aimlessly as a bat in the twilight.

                      4.   The late Dr. Conwell built many of his talks on this plan:

               a). State your facts.

               b). Argue from them.

               c). Appeal for action. 
  5.    You will probably find this plan very helpful:

               a). Show something thing that is wrong.

               b). Show how to remedy it.

               c). Appeal for action.

  6.     Here is an excellent speech plan:

                a). Secure interested attention.

                 b). Win confidence.

                 c). State your facts.

                 d). Appeal to the motives that make men act.

                          7.    All the facts on both sides of your subject must be collected, arranged, studied, and digested.  Prove them;  be sure the are facts; then think out for yourself the solution those facts compel.

                    8.  Before speaking, Lincoln thought out his conclusions with mathematical exactness. When he was forty years of age, and after he had been a member of Congress, he studiedEuclid so that he could detect sophistry and demonstrate his conclusions.

                    9. When Theodore Roosevelt was preparing a speech, he dug up all the facts, appraised them, then dictated his speech very rapidly, corrected the typewritten copy, and finally dictated  it all over again.

                         10. Notes destroy about fifty percent of the interest in your talk. Avoid them. Above all, do not read your speech. An audience can hardly be brought to endure listening to a read speech.

             11.  After you have thought out and arranged your speech, then practice it silently as you walk along the street. Also get off somewhere by yourself and go over it from beginning  to end, letting yourself go. Imagine that you are addressing a real audience. The more of this you do ,the  more comfortable you will feel when the time comes for you to make your speech.